Playfair Cipher

A digraph substitution cipher using a 5×5 key matrix. Letters I and J are merged.

Input

Used to generate the 5×5 key matrix

INSTRUMENTSX

Repeated letters are separated with X. Odd-length texts are padded.

5×5 Key Matrix
M
O
N
A
R
C
H
Y
B
D
E
F
G
I
K
L
P
Q
S
T
U
V
W
X
Z
Input Letters
Output Letters
Same Row

Shift right (wrap around)

Same Column

Shift down (wrap around)

Rectangle

Swap columns

Digraph Encryption Steps (Click any step for details)
Step 1Rectangle
INGA
(3,4) + (1,3)
Step 2Same Row
STTL
(4,4) + (4,5)
Step 3Rectangle
RUMZ
(1,5) + (5,1)
Step 4Same Column
MECL
(1,1) + (3,1)
Step 5Rectangle
NTRQ
(1,3) + (4,5)
Step 6Same Column
SXXA
(4,4) + (5,4)
Output
IN ST RU ME NT SX
GATLMZCLRQXA